project baikal

The article is devoted to the history of classical architectural tradition, which is considered as a development path of the meanings of anthropogenic space from the prehistoric era to the present day and as a basis for further transformation of the so-called sustainable architecture. It is shown that the connection with nature, human perceptions of the world and its evolution was originally at the root of those architectural works that we consider classical today. They remain the most important properties of construction art today, and thanks to them the classics have a future.

Architects-modernists faced public protests against the destruction of the historical urban environment in the late 20th century. The urban defenders relied upon the Venice Charter, an international document stating that “restoration ends where hypothesis begins”. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 21st century there appeared historical properties that synthesized contemporary architecture with architectural heritage and were adopted by expert society and public opinion.

Two discourses – ‘Future in the Past’ and ‘Future of the Past’ – reveal the essence of the processes of interaction between the past, present and future, the existence of heritage, the possibility of its preservation as a system of identity, and its incorporation into contemporary life. They allow to foresee what is to be preserved, that is, the future life of heritage, and also to present art and design realities as direct ‘throws’ into the future, taking into account their ability to be constantly in the past, present and future, to be anticipation and reality at the same time.

Kimzha village in the Mezen district is a unique historical settlement in Russia. Here, the traditional layout and wooden architecture of the 18th-20th centuries have been preserved, including the Church of the Hodegetria (1709), peasant houses, barns, baths, windmills, votive and cemetery crosses, as well as folk culture, folklore, traditional system of nature management, style of life and cultural landscape. The architectural and sacred dominant of the settlement is the Church of the Hodegetria, one of the three wooden churches of the rare ‘tent on a cross-like barrel’ type that have...

The main Shinto shrine in Japan, the Ise Jingu Shrine, is characterized by a ritual of periodic rebuilding. Every 20 years, the buildings of both the main and auxiliary buildings of the Ise Shrine are rebuilt in a new location, and the old ones are dismantled. At the same time, the new buildings accurately recreate the appearance and construction techniques of ancient temples. This recurring ritual contains not only a religious meaning, but also reveals the basic principles of Japanese culture.

In the 21st century, there are changes in the paradigm related to new approaches to the preservation of cultural heritage sites with regard to the creation of a comfortable, socially-oriented and ecologically safe environment. Opportunities are created to preserve cultural heritage sites. Such opportunities give them a ‘second life’ based on their integration into the landscape and urban development system of the region, the structure-forming element of which is the water-green framework. The article discusses the methods and techniques for integrating the identified cultural heritage...

The article substantiates the necessity of studying the scientific heritage of the Ural architectural school through the lens of the research carried out by the founders of the scientific school of history and theory of architecture N. S. Alferov and A. E. Korotkovsky. In the process of generalisation of the authors’ published historical and theoretical works the main directions of their scientific research were defined. A comprehensive presentation of the variety of scientific studies made by Ural researchers, architects and teachers N. S. Alferov and A. E. Korotkovsky serves as the...

The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of contemporaries to the architectural attractiveness of the city of Krasnoyarsk, which was formed by L. A. Chernyshev and other architects at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and which allows Krasnoyarsk to be perceived as a provincial city with all its attributes. The article examines the views on the creative legacy of the outstanding Siberian architect Leonid Alexandrovich Chernyshev, his place and role in the modern environment of the city and professional interference to the works of Krasnoyarsk architects, researchers of...

The spire is a strange, specific architectural detail that has become widespread throughout the world. The origin of this detail and its purpose are not entirely clear. The appearance of spires in the history of European architecture is a symptom of profound changes in the shape formation, in the very view of architecture, and in the image of the building. We have not yet fully realized these changes. The symbolism, mythopoetics, and phenomenology of spires are timeless, like the spire itself, figures of cultural heritage that connect times, ‘stitching’ history into a continuous fabric...

The influence of Alexander Pushkin on the creative method of the great Russian and Soviet architect I.V. Zholtovsky is considered for the first time. Judging by the records of the architect’s students, the name of Pushkin very often occurs in conversations with him. The poet seems to be constantly present in his conversations on various topics as a model and beacon of perfection. The most important for the architect was Pushkin’s idea of imitation, which he emphasised and often quoted. The article briefly reveals the origins of ‘imitation’ methodology, which was formed in the aesthetics...

Today’s problems of urban development management are extremely complex and diverse. This implies an appeal to the most general laws of nature, society and man, that is, to the methods of philosophy. The article shows the connection between Plato’s views and the worldview of modernism, between the philosophical views of Zeno of Elea and postmodernism. Each of these approaches, when applied consistently and fully, leads to very controversial and ambiguous results. It is concluded that it is necessary to maintain a balance when searching for the philosophical basis of each architectural...

Some aspects of the culture of the Umayyad era are considered. Despite the active interaction of early Islamic culture with the cultures of Persia, Byzantium, Rome and Central Asia, traditional Arabic poetry remains an object of deep veneration. The basic ethical and aesthetic principles of Arabic poetry were transformed into the methods of decoration of residential, palace and temple interiors. In particular, these principles can be traced in the motifs of Arab textiles, in particular carpets. It is concluded that traditional culture can be preserved in some elements of interior design...

The text of the city is described as a socio-spatial construct that unites and differentiates semantic spectra and blocks. Urban discourse is polysemantic and polymodal in its content, structure and functions, which prompts the author to introduce the concept of the multitextual city, emphasizing the role of polycontextuality in the configurations of individual and social, cultural-historical and situational, value and pragmatic. It is shown that the formation of social subjectivity (and polysubjectivity) in the discourse of the city, its regulatory and interpretative specifics are...

The study of urban toponymy, which grew out of historical geography, is currently impossible without semantic analysis. The markers of “Irkutsk” are not limited to the toponymic component, but it is not monosyllabic either. Toponyms in the city are formed under the influence of objective and subjective circumstances, are amenable to different interpretations, but become semantic markers when there is understanding of the context, that is, knowledge of the subject area.

The article opens a series of publications written by the authors as part of the work on the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Military Theme in the Architectural and Spatial Development of the Far East”. An overview of the ‘barracks discourse’ is given from the academic “History of the Barracks of Troops in Russia” by N. P. Lyapidevsky (1881–1885) to modern publications of both domestic and foreign researchers. Various periodizations of the development of barracks construction are given.

The third part of the cycle devoted to I. I. Leonidov’s projects for the southern coast of the Crimea examines the layout of the central Yalta embankment, as well as the architecture of its constituent structures. In particular, the administrative complex and the Kurhaus. An attempt is being made to reconstruct them on the basis of preserved materials.

The article considers the life and professional activity of Irkutsk architect I. G. Efimov (1910-1947), whose architectural work includes all style trends of the 1930-1940s. Having received architectural education in Leningrad, Efimov came to Irkutsk and became a sought-after specialist. He carried out individual projects and worked on the facades of already constructed buildings. He was a participant of the Great Patriotic War. After the war, he designed the buildings for the Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages and the Vostsibugol Trust in neoclassical style. The buildings became...

The desire of the experienced architects of Irkutsk to pass on to the younger generation and the general public the actual and only possible author’s idea of V.A. Pavlov’s City Administrative Complex in the conditions of the present day requires systematisation of the original design materials of the lost building and its reliable visual representation with the help of modern technologies. Specialists of the Department of History and Theory of Architecture of SPbGASU together with the veterans of the Irkutsk Regional Organization of the Union of Architects of Russia consider the main...

Experimental residential complexes of the last Soviet decades remain an under-explored layer in architecture and urban planning. The introduction of new construction technologies and design methods was supposed to provide a different quality of dwellings and the environment around them. The realized projects have been comprehended neither from the point of view of the construction industry, which is increasingly moving away from prefabricated reinforced concrete in modern practice, nor from the point of view of architecture, that is typology, plasticity and creating a comfortable...

The article reflects the intermediate results of the study conducted by the authors under the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Methods of integration of zones of historical development and preservation of cultural heritage sites in the conditions of development of modern cities of northeastern China”. The authors consider the results of the activities of Japanese architects and engineers who worked in Changchun in the early 20th century. The authors also identify a number of historical and cultural heritage sites and their significance in the general process of forming the image...

The study examines the Japanese period of architecture development in Northeast China (Manchuria), which represents a separate branch of Japanese colonial architecture. To determine the patterns of development of compositional techniques, the period is divided into two stages (1932–1938 and 1938–1945), and the main patterns of spatial composition are revealed, including methods of proportionation based on module 1 to 2. The article determines stylistic preferences, which, as the architecture of Manchukuo developed, transformed from neoclassicism to Art Deco and modernism. It was revealed...

The article reflects the intermediate results of the study conducted by the author within the framework of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Methods of integration of historical development zones and preservation of cultural heritage sites in the context of development of modern cities in northeastern China”. The article reveals the main aspects of the influence of the Russian engineering school on the formation of the architectural landscape of Shenyang at different stages of the city’s development. It also considers the preserved and lost objects of Russian historical and...

The article presents the materials and results of the study conducted by the author with the support of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Methods of Integration of Historical Development Zones and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Objects in the Conditions of Development of Modern Cities in North-East China”. Brief historical information is provided concerning the process of formation of the planning structure of one of the districts of Dalian – Lushunkou (formerly Port Arthur). Historical development zones and individual preserved objects of Russian, Japanese and Soviet...

The need for rational use of land resources within urban development suggests the possibility of creating a necropolis, an alternative to the traditional forms of existing cemeteries (in Khabarovsk), which is a memorial complex “Garden of Memories”. Considering the possibility of germination of the root part of the plant component in a biodegradable cremation urn, this proposal can be considered not only as economically rational, saving the space of the city and the finances of the population, but also aimed at improving the sanitary and aesthetic condition of the territory, taking into...

Nowadays, such factors of urban development and territorial competitiveness as investments in human capital and scientific research and development, i.e. knowledge embodied in intellectual potential and innovations, come to the fore. Based on this premise, the mission of the driving force and supporting territories of the development is assigned to university cities, where the scientific and educational complex performs a system-forming function. At the post-industrial stage of civilization development, factory cities are replaced by university cities and science cities. The key...