Monumental art: Visual and cultural analysis Authors Issam Ali Salman Aldwairi The Hashemite University Osamah Abdel Qader Suliman Bani Milhem The Hashemite University Saleem Mohammad Ali Ayesh The Hashemite University Manal Hasan Jamil Barqawi Applied Science Private University Downloads PDF (Русский) DOI: https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/86.2683 Keywords: visual reading, memorial, abstract, Arabic calligraphy Abstract Human societies naturally give rise to memorial art, which reflects regional geography and values. This study examines the role of memorials in enhancing environmental aesthetics and increasing public awareness, with a focus on sculptures that incorporate Arabic script. Its importance comes from highlighting the memorial's design, materials, and artistic impact on viewers' intellectual and emotional perception to create captivating outdoor spaces and go beyond traditional indoor murals. How to Cite Ali Salman Aldwairi, I., Abdel Qader Suliman Bani Milhem, O., Mohammad Ali Ayesh, S., & Hasan Jamil Barqawi, M. (2025). Monumental art: Visual and cultural analysis. Project Baikal, 22(86). https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/86.2683 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Published 2025-12-09 Issue No. 86 (2025): diversity Section refereed articles License Copyright (c) 2025 Иссам Али Салман Альдвайри, Осама Абдель Кадер Сулиман Бани Мильхем, Салим Мохаммад Али Айеш, Манал Хасан Джамиль Баркави This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. References AL assar, A., Alqadi, W., & Yonan, R. (2020). An analytical study of selected contemporary monuments and their benefits in enriching woodwork. Egyptian Journal of Specialized Studies, 8(28), 199-227. doi: 10.21608/ejos.2020.140896 Alfar, M., Alshafeey, A., & Alzmaiti, K. (October 2022). The relationship between funerary architecture and Pharaonic tombstones and the extent of their use in creating a contemporary monument. Journal of Applied Arts and Sciences, 9(4), 45-60. doi: 10.21608/maut.2022.265524 Aljbury, R. (2024, 6 30). Al-Sabah newspaper archive. Retrieved from https://alsabaah.iq/98653-.html: https://alsabaah.iq/98653-.html Almonji, K., Rajab, A., & Yousef, Y. (2018, October). The Role of Movement in 3D Decorative Design. Journal of Qualitative Education Research, 52, 429 - 442. doi: 10.21608/mbse.2018.136527 Alsyyed, , A., Safi, L., & Hasan, A. (2014). Metaphysics and Aesthetics of the Formal Singularity of Ahmed Ghoul’s Sculptures (An Analytical Study). Journal of Qualitative Education Research, 33(33), 545 -562. doi: 10.21608/mbse.2014.141473 An analytical study of selected contemporary memorials and their use in enriching woodwork. (n.d.). Atyah, D. (2020, November). The aesthetics of Arabic calligraphy as a unique language in the contemporary design of interior architecture. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanities, 5(24), 151 -160. doi: 10.21608/mjaf.2019.15703.1267 French, T. E., & Ives, F. W. (1915). Agricultural drawing and the design of farm structures. London: Electric Railway Journal McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Hamzah, A., Thamer, R., & Alkelab, M. (2022, Ynayer 15). Arabic letter formations in contemporary Iraqi sculpture. Nabu Journal of Research and Studies, 29(36), 107 - 110. Retrieved from https://naboo. uobabylon.edu.iq/index.php/nabo/issue/view/11 Helmi, H., Atyh, A., Abdlsmad, Q., & Ahmed, H. (2023, Mayo). The expressive values of Arabic calligraphy and its use in enriching the art of contemporary sculpture. Scientific Journal of Educational and Qualitative Studies and Research, 24, 482 - 501. ISSN: 2536-975X Mohmmed, W., Refaei, M., Abd algani, N., & Mohmmed, A. (2021, January). The Memorial to the Student Martyrs at Cairo University: A Historical, Artistic and Scientific Study. Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 22(1), 770-797. doi: 10.21608/ jguaa.2020.38620.1118 Mostafa, A. (2022, November). Arabic Letters as a Formative Element in Contemporary Mural Art in the Arab World and Their Role in Preserving Heritage and Identity. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanities, 7(36), 142-171. doi: 10.21608/mjaf.2021.62273.2210 Mostafa, U., Alhjjan, A., Alagmi, A., & Alsyed, E. (2013, January). Mural Art: Origins and Techniques. Journal of Qualitative Education Research, 2013(28), 571-599. doi: 10.21608/mbse.2013.145325 Shanken, E. A. (2002, August 01). Art in the Information Age: Technology and Conceptual Art. LEONARDO, 35(4), 433–438. doi: 10.1162/002409402760181259 Sidqi, J. (2023, January). Relief sculpture and its benefits in solving spatial problems. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanities, 8(37), 227-250. doi: 10.21608/mjaf.2021.70403.2301