Architectural image semantics of Kazakhstan’s memorials Authors Dana Dyussenova International Educational Corporation (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Duishon Omuraliev Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov (Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic) Manas Khassenov International Educational Corporation (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Gulnara Maulenova Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K. I. Satbayev (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Downloads PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/85.2626 Keywords: memorial architecture, image, spatial semantics, identity, symbolism Abstract The article explores the architecture of three significant memorial complexes in Kazakhstan, which have become symbols of regional identity and carriers of collective memory. The purpose of the study is to analyze the architectural solutions that shape the image and semantics of these objects. The methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of literary sources and visual materials to examine the form, composition, and decorative design of key elements: monumental groups, steles, arches, staircases, and ritual platforms. The results demonstrate that a semantic approach allows for a deeper understanding of the symbolic content of the architectural image and its role in shaping and maintaining the cultural identity of society. How to Cite Dyussenova, D., Omuraliev, D., Khassenov, M., & Maulenova, G. (2025). Architectural image semantics of Kazakhstan’s memorials. Project Baikal, 22(85), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/85.2626 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Published 2025-10-13 Issue No. 85 (2025): a city and a park Section refereed articles License Copyright (c) 2025 Дана Дюсенова, Дуйшон Омуралиев, Манас Хасенов, Гульнара Мауленова This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. References Kaliascarova-Musirova, T. (2016, June 23). Vnutri. Memorialnyi muzei Shokana Ualikhanova [Inside: The Memorial Museum of Shoqan Walikhanov]. Vlast.kz. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://vlast.kz/inside/18009-vnutri-memorialnyj-muzej-sokana-ualihanova.html Khomyakov, A. I. (2017). The first memorial-museum complexes of the world. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 3(40), 39–51. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from http://marhi.ru/AMIT/2017/3kvart17/03_khomyakov/index.php Kuchukov, T. (2018, December 11). Korkyt – legenda tyrkskogo mira [Korkyt – the legend of the Turkic world]. Vremya. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://time.kz/articles/moment/2018/12/11/korkitlegenda-tjurkskogo-mira Raevsky, A. A. (2002). Semantics of Architectural Style [Cand. Arch. Sci. diss. : 18.00.01]. Yekaterinburg. Smailova, Sh. K. (2018). The ALZHIR Museum as a sociocultural phenomenon. Alzhir Camp History Portal. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from http://alzhir.kz/ru/2014-03-17-08-21-02/2014-03-17-08-25-12.html Teodoronsky, V. S., & Parfyonova, A. E. (2022). Landscape organization of memorial complexes in Sevastopol. Forestry Bulletin, 26(2), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-2-50-58 Wagoner, B., & Brescó, I. (2022). Memorials as healing places: A matrix for bridging material design and visitor experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6711). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116711 Yureneva, T. Yu. (2022). The memorial complex as a form of commemoration of victims of political repression in post-Soviet Russia. Museology and Cultural Heritage Protection. https://doi.org/10.34685/HI.2022.39.4.012