Local enclaves in the citywide space Authors Igor Bondarenko Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning; National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Downloads PDF (Russian) DOI: https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/88.2777 Published 2026-06-12 Issue No. 88 (2026): local cultures Section refereed articles License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. How to Cite Bondarenko, I. (2026). Local enclaves in the citywide space. Project Baikal, 23(88), 23-25. https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/88.2777 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Keywords: city, space, architecture, locus, enclave, own, alien, common Abstract The article shows that, throughout their history, cities have been formed from many self-sufficient enclaves, between which there was only a relative community. There were times when the main goal was to achieve the compositional and stylistic integrity of the city as an ensemble. Then the alienness of some urban objects became especially noticeable, and it had to be dealt with. Modern sprawling cities cannot claim absolute unity: they mix highly contrasting localized architectural and planning formations. According to the task set by Project Baikal journal to focus on “local cultures”, the author substantiates the idea that the harmonization of heterogeneous urban loci requires an increase and alignment of the overall cultural level of their formation and functioning. References Bondarenko, I. A. (Ed.). (2019). Arkhitektura i kultura Rossii v istoricheskom vzaimodeistvii [Architecture and culture of Russia in historical interaction]. St. Petersburg: Kolo. Fedorova, E. V. (1985). Znamenitye goroda Italii: Rim, Florentsiya, Venetsiya [Famous Italian cities: Rome, Florence, Venice]. Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow University. Frazer, J. (1986). The Golden Bough. Moscow: Politizdat. Gogol, N. V. (1835). Arabesques: in 2 parts. St. Petersburg. Ikonnikov, A. V. (1978). Staroe i novoe v sisteme goroda [The old and new in the city system]. In Architectural monuments in the structure of cities of the USSR (pp. 7-44). Moscow. Kolesov, V. V. (Ed., Trans.). (1990). Domostroy [The household book]. Moscow: Soviet Russia. Le Corbusier. (1976). Three forms of settlement. The Athens Charter. Moscow: Stroyizdat. Limonov, Yu. A. (1987). Vladimiro-Suzdalskaya Rus: ocherki sotsialno-politicheskoi istorii [Vladimir-Suzdal Russia: Essays on socio-political history]. Leningrad: Nauka. Lossky, N. O. (1991). Usloviya absolyutnogo dobra [Conditions of absolute goodness]. Moscow: Politizdat. Maximov, S. V. (2024). Nechistaya, nevedomaya i krestnaya sila [The unclean, unknown and Godly force]. Moscow: Mif. Murzaev, E. M. (1984). Slovar narodnykh geograficheskikh terminov [Dictionary of folk geographical terms]. Moscow: Mysl. Yanin, V. L., & Aleshkovsky, M. Kh. (1971).Proiskhozhdenie Novgoroda (k postanovke problemy) [The origin of Novgorod (to the formulation of the problem)]. History of the USSR, 2, 52-55.